Friday, March 20, 2020
ENGLISH ESSAY WRITING SERVICES
ENGLISH ESSAY WRITING SERVICES The need for professional essay writing services is growing every day. The truth is that educational process itself as hard as it may seem is very exciting process and the new opportunities it may open up can never be underestimated. For this important reason, English essay writing services are gaining more and more popularity as the mean to enhance one’s English essay writing skills. The professional team of writers that stands behind any kind of essay writing services are people who have been in writing years for years thus gaining more knowledge and experience in the college papers writing field. As more people are getting help from English essay writing services, we are able to offer quality writing for quite affordable price. As we are ready to provide the essay writing services around the clock, the customer service representatives will be able to help you any time you need the essay writing to be done for you. Without further explanations, we would like you to use our paper writing services right this minute. If you don’t have a particular paper to write, you may have a question that can be addressed to our customer service representative through the online chat you can use.
Wednesday, March 4, 2020
Brachylophosaurus - Facts and Figures
Brachylophosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Brachylophosaurus (Greek for short-crested lizard); pronounced BRACK-ee-LOW-fo-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and two tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Thick, downturned beak; short crest on head; susceptibility to cancer About Brachylophosaurus Three complete fossils of the hadrosaur, or duck-billed dinosaur, Brachylophosaurus have been discovered, and theyre so amazingly well-preserved that (as paleontologists often do) they were immediately given nicknames: Elvis, Leonardo and Roberta. (The same research team also unearthed a fourth, incomplete fossil of a juvenile, which they dubbed Peanut.) The most completely preserved specimen, Leonardo, is the subject of a Discovery Channel documentary, Secrets of the Dinosaur Mummy. In this show, its revealed that Leonardo had a birdlike crop on its neck (presumably to aid in digestion) as well as different-sized scales on different parts of its body, among other unique anatomical features. Although its named for the unusually short crest on its head (short, that is, for a hadrosaur), Brachylophosaurus stood out more for its thick, downward-turning beak, which some paleontologists take as evidence that the males of this genus head-butted one another for the attention of females. This dinosaur is also known for its unique pathology: detailed analysis of various fossil specimens in 2003 revealed that these individuals suffered from an assortment of tumors, and one was in the end-stages of metastatic cancer (which may either have killed this dinosaur, or weakened it sufficiently that it was easily picked off by a hungry Tyrannosaurus Rex).
Sunday, February 16, 2020
Soil orders and their associated environmental elements Essay
Soil orders and their associated environmental elements - Essay Example Gley tundra soils are formed in the conditions of permanent water saturation and low temperatures. They are typical for landscape-geographical zones of the tundra, and located on plains illustrative of eternal frost. Another characteristic feature of tundra soils is their formation without great influence of the vegetation. â€Å"The exact character of these soils depends on the ground ice position, slope and the vegetation. If the slope is stable, peaty soils are formed due to slow organic and chemical action. In case of steep slopes, thin soils result†(Pujari). Considering the shallow depth of melting in summer ground, and below it the beginning of a frozen horizon, even a seasonal thawing layer is characterized by low temperature and is over-soppy with water, which cannot seep into the deeper land layers. All this slows down the activity of micro-organisms, decomposition cause of plant residues, and the formation of soils. For inhibit access of oxygen, tundra soils are fea tured with a bluish-grey gley horizon. The surface of tundra soils is often complicated with hummocky micro-relief. They are acid, poor in grounds, with scanty reserves of nutrients. Consequently, fertility of tundra soils is low. This is due to their relative youthful age and lack of activity of biological processes. As for the associated climate of gley tundra soils, it is subarctic with extremely long-lasting winter. As most of the tundra lies within the Arctic Circle, it experiences winter polar night. The severity of winter depends on the continentality. As a rule, the tundra practically has no climatic summer, or the latter comes for short time. The average temperature of the warmest month (July or August) is 50-59  °F. In summer all vegetation rises with the polar day oncoming (or the white nights in those parts of the tundra, where the polar day does not reach). May and September is spring and autumn. Tundra soils are characterized
Sunday, February 2, 2020
The Company Yahoo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
The Company Yahoo - Essay Example As the discussion stresses, the company was on the height of its success at the time of dot-com boom in 2000 when its stock price plunged to record high. Yahoo! also started its free mail service in response to the release of Google’s Gmail in 2004. In the following year, the company took over Flickr, a thriving photo sharing service. Yahoo! continued to expand by acquiring and purchasing innovative business in need of capital. The range of services offered by Yahoo! also rose in the year 2005 when the company stepped into Web 2.0 services. MSN Messenger and Yahoo! Messenger became interoperable in 2005 which was another great achievement for the company. Yahoo! also allowed its mail users unlimited free space in 2007 as it removed the barrier of 1GB storage. In 2008, in the time of recession, the company announced the layoff of 1000 employees. The company was facing difficulties in competing with the efficient Google. The main revenue model for the company was advertising ini tially. Afterwards, the company started making money from the augmented services that it offered. Efficient management of capital and reduction in expenditure helped the company to gain its profitability in the pure internet business. In 2008, the company was approached by Microsoft for the offer of a merger. However, Yahoo! rejected the offer of Microsoft as the share price being offered was very low. Recently, Yahoo! webpage is seen to be changed and a new version is launched called the Metro. This new look also has links to famous applications such as Facebook.com and Netflix. E-commerce website like Yahoo! needs to constantly innovate and develop new features on the website to attract more users and subscribers. The company right now faces lack of originality as it is engaged in merging and acquiring already established businesses like Flickr. The customer data which is private should not be used by the company to be sold to marketing agencies.
Saturday, January 25, 2020
Identifying Leadership Theories And Applying Reflection Nursing Essay
Identifying Leadership Theories And Applying Reflection Nursing Essay There are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are persons who have attempted to define the concept ( Stodill, 1974:p.259). Dubrin (2000) states that there 35,000 definitions of leadership in academic literature (Pye, 2005: p.32). Leadership is an art a performing art and the instrument is the self. The mastery of the art of leadership comes from the mastery of the self .                                                                                            Jim Kouzes Gary Yukl in his sixth edition of Leadership In Organizations hope that, his book has seeded many ideas and questions, which will grow in the classroom , but more importantly, will find fuller meaning and come to life when the reader is engaged in the practice of leadership at work. When thinking about leadership styles one thing to consider is what defines a good leader. Hood (2010) suggests that an effective leader influences and encourages others to achieve goal setting and goal attainment. A good leader recognizes that there is always something new to learn. Effective leaders set direction, build commitment and confront challenges through clear communication and soliciting staff feedback (http://www.oppaper.com/Leadership-Roles-In-Nursing). Carroll (2005) proposed the following six most important attributes for nursing leaders: personal integrity, strategic vision and personal survival attributes,, management and technical competencies, people skills team-building and communication skills , and. action orientation It is clear so far that the definition of leadership depends on whom you ask. Houser Player ( 2004 ) concluded in their study, amoung a dozen of nurse leaders as, nurse leaders did share common characteristics such as thoughtful, responsive, committed, creative, resilient, visionary, scholarly, courageous and innovative. Tan (2006) means the idea of leadership as, influencing followers to do what is necessary to achieve organizational and societal goals. Two types of leadership are particularly relevant for nurse leaders. Transformational leadership authentic leadership (Clark, 2009, p.17). In transformal leadership mainly three elements contribute to help nurse leaders to create a tone and standard of practice for healthy work environment are Effective communication, collaborative relationships and shared decision making among nurses (Heath, Johanson et al, 2004). American Association of Critical-care Nurses (2005) made a commitment to promote healthy work environment in the bias of authentic leadership are safe, healing, humane and respectful for patient, their families and nurses. They concluded in their study as it is not too easy to become an authentic leader, moreover, it needs higher levels of organizational support. Perhaps It is identified in their study that authentic leadership as one of the six standards that are crucial to creating and sustaining healthy work environment. Among health care professionals, nurses are especially aware of the importance of reflective practice (Duffy, 2007; Manthey, 2001 et al). Just as important is the practice of reflective leadership (Deutsch Sherwood, 2008). By Oestreich (2009) reflective leaders are critically aware of how they connect with others, where they are in the progress of their own and organizational goals and how they are opening paths for clear Communication and goal fulfillment. Drucker (1996, p.9) states that, great leaders have to walk alone sometimes. such aloneness can facilitate reflection. Qualitative researchers speak of participant observation as a method of more distant reflection. Reflection benefits the individual leader, but more than that, can become spread with in the organization. Transformal leadership has been evidenced to be positively associated with followers commitment to improvement and change (Herold, Fedor et al., 2008).One of the important characteristics of a transformal leader is reflection (Marshall Coughlin,2010). Reflective Practice was introduced by Donald Schon in his book The Reflective Practitioner in 1983. There are different models of reflection in practice. In that I would like to discuss about the two models of reflection Gibbs model, 1988 Johns model, 1995.  GIBBS MODEL OF REFLECTION 1988 Gibbs model is a cyclic process of reflection, in that a practitioner describes the experience and must evaluate and analysis of how they were feeling during the experience. By the evaluation and analysis of the emotions associated with the situation give the practitioner a chance to understand the situation and come to a conclusion of what else could be done, or what other options could have been taken. Most importantly,in Gibbs model of reflection the final stage is the formulation of action plan, that give an idea about what actions would be taken if the situation happened again (W http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflective_practice). JOHNS MODEL It is a structured mode of reflection that provides a practitioner with a guide to gain greater understanding. In this model of reflection, reflection carried out through the act of sharing of emotions with colleague or a mentor and it provides a faster rate of learning than reflection alone. In order to achieve reflection looking in on ones thoughts and emotions and looking out at the situation experienced are important steps in this model of reflection. Mainly five patterns of learning are included in to the guided reflection, that are the practitioners analysis about the aesthetic, personal, ethical, empirical, and the reflexive elements experienced through the situation. REASONS TO PREFER JOHNS MODEL OVER GIBBS MODEL I recommend Johns model of reflection is better than that of Gibbs model because, in Johns model practitioner get an opportunity to share with a colleague or mentor, about their thoughts and emotions of their own and about the situation experienced. It seems to me that by the sharing of emotions definitely, we will get a clear cut idea about the feelings of the self and about the situation in a faster rate. Looking in and looking out become easier when the structured questions shared between a colleague or an experienced person. But in Gibbs model of reflection, importance is for the evaluation and analysis of the emotions associated with the situation experienced and there is no sharing of ideas or emotions with anybody. I feel that with out the sharing of emotions reflection occurs in a slower rate. LEADERSHIP THEORIES Historical development of leadership theories (1900-Present) P.37 The Great man Theory / Trait Theories (1900-1940) Researchers give importance to certain characteristics or personality traits of some people and assume that these traits make them better leaders than others. Moreover the effect of followers and the impact of the situation were ignored. Behavioural Theories (1940-1980) During human relations era , researchers moved away from studying about the traits of a leader and give importance to their styles of leadership.  A major breakthrough occurred when Lewin(1951) and White and Lippitt (1960) isolated common leadership styles. Later, these styles came to be called authorisation, democratic and laissez-faire. Authorisation which is when the leader takes full control, Democratic is when the leader involves a team approach ; and Laissez-faire where the leader provides little to no direction (Hood, 2010). Situational and Contingency Leadership Theories (1950-1980)  In according to this theory leadership style should vary according to the situation or the individual involved. Authoritarian leadership results in well-defined group actions that are usually predictable, reducing frustration in the work group and giving members a feeling of security. Productivity is usually high, but creativity, self motivation, and autonomy are reduced. Authoritarian leadership, useful in crisis situations.  At the same time Democratic leadership, appropriate for groups who work together for extended periods, promotes autonomy and growth in individual workers. This type of leadership is particularly effective when coordination between groups is necessary. The Laissez-fair leadership is non directed leadership, the laissez- fair style can be frustrating; group apathy and disinterest can occur. Interactional Leadership Theories (1970-Present) The basic premise of interactional theory is that leadership behaviour is generally determined by the relationship between the leaders personality and the specific situation. To be successful, the leader must diagnose the situation and select appropriate strategies from a large repertoire of skills. Leadership effectiveness, according to Hollander, requires the ability to use the problem solving process; maintain group effectiveness; communicate well; demonstrate leader fairness, competence, dependability, and creativity; and develop group identification. Transactional and Transformational Leadership The transactional leader sets goals, give directions, and uses rewards to reinforce employee behaviours associated with meeting or exceeding established goals (Mc Guire and Kennerly,2006, p.180). Transformational leaders have a view of the future that will excite and convert potential followers (changingminds.org,2002-2006, para 3). Transformational leadership is defined as, One who inspires and empowers everyone with the vision of what could be possible (Hood,2010, p 460).  Although transformational qualities are highly desirable, they must be coupled with the more traditional qualities of the day-to-day managerial role. Both sets of characteristics need to be present in the same person in different degrees. According to Bass and colleagues, the transformational leader will fail without traditional management skills. Johns (2004) maintains that transactional traditional leadership is a deliberate process of seeking insight in self and practice in orde r to create conditions that foster the realization of desirable practice.
Friday, January 17, 2020
Ecuadorian Rose Industry
The Ecuadorian Rose Industry 1. What is the basis of Ecuador’s comparative advantage in the production of roses? Ecuador’s rose farms are located in the just about perfect position for growing long and straight roses or at least most of the farms. They are positioned at about 10,000 feet elevation in the Andes Mountains. This provides the roses with high altitude, volcanic soil that is very rich in ingredients, and located on the equator. This gives the roses about 12 hours of daylight every day. Graham) This provides an intense amount of sunlight, so farmers use plastic sheeting to create a greenhouse effect. I believe this helps keep the roses from burning up, being so close to the sun, and from freezing on the cold nights. (Hamilton) It creates a sense of perfect temperatures. (Thompson) 2. Most Ecuadorean roses are sold in the United States or Europe. Who in these countries benefit from the importation of Ecuadorean roses, and how do they benefit? Who loses? Do you think the benefits outweigh the costs?In 2006, the United States accounted for 61% of the Ecuadorean roses’ total sales. This made us the largest market in this rose industry. Europe accounted for 20% of the exports of Ecuadorean flowers, while these flowers accounted for 31% of the United States flower imports. (Alvaro) Both countries benefit overall because they can imports the roses at such a low price and most of the profits stay in the imported country. (Graham) I believe local growers are the ones who lose in this situation. If buyers can find them for a lower price, most will take it so they can keep more profits.This isn’t necessarily the best option for our country, but some companies do not care about the greater good of helping our own country. 3. How does the rose export industry benefit Ecuador? Do these benefits have any implications for the United States and Europe? With the increase of rose and other flower exportation from Ecuador, the country’s export revenue has increases and is increasing the stability of its economy. (Halberstadt) This is one of the effects of the fair trade agreement between them and the United States. Another effect is the extra money the people are getting.They are able to take classes to learn how to manage the extra money. (Hamilton) Ecuador has also been able to pave more roads, build sophisticated irrigation systems, and some schools with the taxes and revenues from growing roses. (Thompson) Developed countries, like the United States and Europe, have to understand that as developing nations, like Ecuador, become more developed they have to adhere to global standards and it is up to developed countries to help with this. 4. How should developed nations respond to reports of poor working conditions in this industry?Should importers in some way certify Ecuadorean producers, or only importing from those who adhere to strict labor and environmental standards? I believe the developed nations should h elp to encourage making the working conditions better. Although the average flower worker does earn more than the minimum wage of $120 per month, but it does not make up for the horrible conditions. I also believe importers should certify Ecuadorean producers for those following the labor and environmental standards and those who are trying to improve their operations. Plantations, like RosaPrima, have done this.Ross Johnson, a general manager of the plantation, said that they had made a lot of improvements over the years, from protective wear and equipment to cracking down of child labor. (Thompson) Works Cited 1. ) Alvaro, Mercedes. â€Å"Ecuador Flower Exports Require U. S. Trade Deal to Keep Growing. †Dow Jones Newswires Feb. 2006. 3 March 2013 . 2. ) Graham, Grace. â€Å"Five Reasons who you shouldn’t Buy her Roses†North by Northwestern Feb. 2010. 3 March 2013 < http://northbynorthwestern. om/story/five-more-reasons-why-you-didnt-buy-your-girlfrien/>. 3. ) Halberstadt, Jason. â€Å"Ecuador Foreign Trade. †Ecuador Trade Copyright 1997-2013. 3 March 2013 4. ) Hamilton, Cortney and Deb Tullmann. â€Å"Rough Cut. †Ecuador Flower Power Feb. 2008. 3 March 2013 . 5. ) Thompson, Ginger. â€Å"Behind Roses’ Beauty, Poor and Ill Workers†NY Times Feb, 2003. 3 March 2013 .
Thursday, January 9, 2020
Russian Vocabulary Question Words
The easiest way to ask a question in Russian is to pronounce an affirmative sentence with question inflection or by using the main question words ÃÅ¡Ã'‚à ¾, à §Ã'‚à ¾, Ã“à ´Ã µ, ÃÅ¡Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ´Ã °, and ÃÅ¡Ã °Ã º. However, there are other ways to formulate a question, including using the negative. In this article, we look at Russian vocabulary and question words, as well as the different ways that you can ask questions in Russian. Basic Question Words Russian questions can be formed by using one of the five basic question words: ÃÅ¡Ã'‚à ¾ (who)à §Ã'‚à ¾ (what)Ã“à ´Ã µ (where)ÃÅ¡Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ´Ã ° (when)ÃÅ¡Ã °Ã º (how) Question words are often found at the beginning of a sentence, just like in English. However, they can also be placed at the end or in the middle of a sentence. The positioning of a question word is used to change the meaning of a sentence or to add context and is often paired with inflection or stress on a particular word to convey the meaning. Russian sentence structure does not change when adding a question word and turning a sentence into a question. For example, in the following sentence, the pronoun à ¯ (I) is replaced with the question word à ºÃ'‚à ¾ (who), while the rest of the sentence remains unchanged in its structure (but not the conjugation): à ¯ à »Ã'Žà ±Ã »Ã'Ž Ã'‚à °Ã ½Ã'†à µÃ ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å' - I like to danceÃÅ¡Ã'‚à ¾ à »Ã'Žà ±Ã ¸Ã'‚ Ã'‚à °Ã ½Ã'†à µÃ ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å'? - Who likes to dance? This unchanging structure makes it very easy to form questions once you have learned the main question words: Russian Word Translation Pronunciation Example à ºÃ'‚à ¾ who ktoh ÃÅ¡Ã'‚à ¾ à »Ã'Žà ±Ã ¸Ã'‚ Ã'‚à °Ã ½Ã'†à µÃ ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å'? - Who likes to dance? Ã'‡Ã'‚à ¾ what shtoh à §Ã'‚à ¾ à ¿Ã'ۈ ¾Ã ¸Ã' Ã'…à ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚? - What's going on? à ³Ã ´Ã µ where gdye / hdye Ã“à ´Ã µ à ¼Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ à ºÃ'Æ'à ¿Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Æ' à ºÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ³Ã'Æ'? - Where can I buy this book? à ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ´Ã ° when kagDAH ÃÅ¡Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ´Ã ° à ½Ã °Ã'‡à ½Ã µÃ'‚Ã' Ã' Ã'„à ¸Ã »Ã'Å'à ¼? - When will the movie start? à ºÃ °Ã º how kak ÃÅ¡Ã °Ã º à ´Ã µÃ »Ã °? - How are you? Other Question Words To create more complex questions, use these question words: ÃŸà ¾Ã'‡à µÃ ¼Ã'Æ' (Why)Ãâ€"à °Ã'‡à µÃ ¼ (Why / What for)ÃÅ¡Ã'Æ'à ´Ã ° (Where to)ÞÃ'‚à ºÃ'Æ'à ´Ã ° (Where from)à ¡Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'à ºÃ ¾ (How much)à §Ã µÃ ¹ (Whose)ÃÅ"à ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ (May / can) How to Say Why in Russian Russian Word Translation Pronunciation Example à ¿Ã ¾Ã'‡à µÃ ¼Ã'Æ' why pachiMOO ÃŸà ¾Ã'‡à µÃ ¼Ã'Æ' Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ã'‚à °Ã º à ´Ã'Æ'à ¼Ã °Ã µÃ'ˆÃ'Å'? - Why do you think that? à ·Ã °Ã'‡à µÃ ¼ why/what for zaCHYEM Ãâ€"à °Ã'‡à µÃ ¼ Ã'‚Ã'‹ à ¿Ã'ۈ ¸Ã'ˆà »Ã °? - Why did you come? / What did you come here for? ÃŸà ¾Ã'‡à µÃ ¼Ã'Æ' and Ãâ€"à °Ã'‡à µÃ ¼ are often confused by Russian language learners, but it is easy to tell the difference between these question words if you remember that à ¿Ã ¾Ã'‡à µÃ ¼Ã'Æ' means why while à ·Ã °Ã'‡à µÃ ¼ tends to mean what for, or have a context of incredulity, as in these examples: Ãâ€"à °Ã'‡à µÃ ¼ Ã'‚Ã'‹ à ¿Ã'ۈ ¸Ã'ˆà »Ã °? - Why did you come? / What did you come here for? (context: what for?)Ãâ€"à °Ã'‡à µÃ ¼ Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ã' Ã'‚à ¾ à ºÃ'Æ'à ¿Ã ¸Ã »? - Why did you buy that? / What did you buy that for? (context: incredulity) How to Ask Questions With Possessives Russian Word Translation Pronunciation Example Ã'‡à µÃ ¹ whose (masculine) chey à §Ã µÃ ¹ Ã' Ã'‚à ¾ à ´Ã ¾Ã ¼? - Whose house is that? Ã'‡Ã'Å'Ã' whose (feminine) chyah à §Ã'Å'Ã' à ¼Ã °Ã'ˆà ¸Ã ½Ã °? - Whose car is this? Ã'‡Ã'Å'Ã'‘ whose (neutral) chyoh à §Ã'Å'Ã'‘ à ²Ã ¾Ã ½ Ã'‚à ¾ à ¾Ã ºÃ ½Ã ¾? - Whose window is that one over there? Ã'‡Ã'Å'à ¸ whose (plural) chy'ee à §Ã'Å'à ¸ à ºÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ³Ã ¸ à »Ã µÃ ¶Ã °Ã'‚ à ½Ã ° Ã' Ã'‚à ¾Ã »Ã µ? - Whose books are on the table? The question word à §Ã µÃ ¹ (whose) is a pronoun and as such it agrees in gender, number, and case of the noun to which it refers. How to Use May/Can in Polite Conversation Russian Word Translation Pronunciation Example à ¼Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ may / can MOZHnah ÃÅ"à ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ã' Ã'‚à ¾ à ²Ã ·Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'? - May I take this? ÃÅ"à ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ (may/can) is used in such question types as May I have... or Can I take this? It is part of the polite but not overly formal register. Using Intonation to Form Questions Russian is a very flexible language when it comes to word order and is referred to by many linguists as a free word order language. The intended focus of a sentence determines the word order chosen by a Russian speaker. This makes it easy for students of Russian to learn how to form questions by using intonation. In the following example, a simple statement is turned first into a neutral question, then into two more questions that focus on a different context of the sentence: Statement: ÃÅ"à °Ã'ˆà ° à µÃ »Ã ° à ºÃ °Ã'ˆÃ'Æ' - Masha was eating porridgeNeutral question: ÃÅ"à °Ã'ˆà ° à µÃ »Ã ° à ºÃ °Ã'ˆÃ'Æ'? Was Masha eating porridge?Focussed question 1: Ã•à »Ã ° ÃÅ"à °Ã'ˆà ° à ºÃ °Ã'ˆÃ'Æ'? WAS Masha eating porridge?Focussed question 2: ÃÅ¡Ã °Ã'ˆÃ'Æ' à µÃ »Ã ° ÃÅ"à °Ã'ˆà °? Was Masha eating PORRIDGE? In a Russian question, the intonation rises towards the end of the sentence before falling again at the very end. Note that in the focussed questions, the intonational stress is on the word that the speaker wants to emphasize. The voice rises on the emphasized word then falls straight after. Negation Questions Russian speakers use negation in questions when the conversation register is polite and formal. Negation is usually done by adding the particle à ½Ã µ (not). Using this question structure removes the need for the word please as these types of questions are sufficiently formal already. à à µ à ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã' à ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã µÃ'‚à µ, à ºÃ ¾Ã'‚à ¾Ã'€Ã'‹à ¹ Ã'‡à °Ã' ?Translation: Wouldnt you tell me what time it is?Meaning: Could you tell me what time it is, please? à à µ Ã'…à ¾Ã'‡à µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' à ºÃ ¾Ã'„à µ?Translation: You wouldnt like some coffee?Meaning: Would you like some coffee? à à µ à ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸ à ±Ã'‹ Ã’Ã'‹ à ¼Ã ½Ã µ à ¿Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‡Ã'Å'?Translation: Could you not help me?Meaning: Could you help me, please?
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